A country or territory’s CPI Score indicates the degree of public sector corruption as
perceived by business people and country analysts, and ranges between 10 (highly
clean) and 0 (highly corrupt). Indonesia took 143 CPI's rank according to 2007 Corruption Perseptions Index. This mean Indonesia public sectors are highly corrupt (most corrupt places) base on business people and country analysts.
Multinationals seem to be driving a lot of the corruption in poor Third World countries, says anti-corruption watchdog Transparency International.
According to its 2007 Corruption Perceptions Index, which looks at perceptions of public sector corruption in 180 countries and territories, New Zealand, Denmark and Finland are seen as the last corrupt places but Australia, United Kingdom, US, Japan and Germany are not exactly leading the way.
They have been slotted into the middle of the pack. Not quite the most corrupt places - that's reserved for Myanmar, Somalia and Iraq - but not squeaky clean either.
You can see the complete table here.
The report makes it clear that bribe money often stems from multinationals based in the world's richest countries and that offshore financing played a significant role in the looting of millions from developing countries such as Nigeria and the Philippines, both of which are ranked pretty well near the bottom of the list. So the poor countries are corrupt but that's partly because of the rich multinationals.
TI chairwoman Huguette Labelle has slammed the multinationals for having double standards, reports the Financial Times.
"The bribe money that buys a champagne lifestyle for corrupt officials in the poorest countries often originates in multinational companies based in the world's richest countries - the CPI's top scorers", she said.
Manipulation and Corruption
Corruption has become an issue of major political and economic significance in recent years and the necessity to take measures against it has become evident.
Explooring Manipulation ?...ask Mbah Ghus Taf..on the spot
Indonesian business regulator arrested
Indonesian business regulator arrested: corruption watchdog
JAKARTA (AFP) —
Mohammad Iqbal was arrested late Tuesday as he exited a lift in a five-star
The businessman, Billy Sundoro of the Lippo Group's broadband multimedia service provider First Media, was also detained.
"The transaction was made inside the hotel elevator," Budi said.
Both men have been declared suspects and taken into police custody to await trial, he said. Iqbal could receive up to 20 years in prison and Sundoro faced 10 years.
Iqbal is a member of the powerful Commission for Supervision of Business Competition, which last year found
A state appeal court earlier this year upheld the competition watchdog's ruling ordering Temasek to divest its stake in one of two of
The decision was criticised in
Former KPPU chief Sutrisno Iwantono said the arrest cast a dark shadow over the credibility of the competition commission.
"I hope that the allegation that he has received a bribe is not true. If it's true, it means that he has ruined the KPPU's credibility that has been built up for the past eight years," Iwantono told Antara state news agency.
Iwantono also said he believed the KPPU was being politically manipulated.
"The KPPU should maintain independence," he said.
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono promised to stamp out corruption when he was elected in 2004, and the KPK has launched an aggressive campaign of investigations this year ahead of 2009 elections.
Classifications of Corruption
There are three broad classifications of corruption, which are however not mutually exclusive:
- Petty and Grand corruption
a) Petty Corruption:
Practiced on a smaller scale. Defined as the use of public office for private benefit in the course of delivering a pubic service. Usually involves relatively small amounts of money, including bribery (grease money or speed payments) The public servant abuses his/her position by accepting a benefit for what is a routine transaction or approval. The direct victim of this abuse of power is the citizen.
b) Grand Corruption:
The most dangerous and covert type of corruption. Instances where policy making, its design and implementation are compromised by corrupt practices. Found where public officers in high positions (such as councilors), in the process of making decisions of significant economic value, routinely demand bribes or kickbacks for ensuring that tenders or contracts are awarded to specific contractors. Occurs at financial, political and administrative centres of power.
- Political and Business corruption:
a) Business Corruption
Often not regarded as a crime, rather as a means to accelerate business processes. Proponents claim that the end result is not affected; the mechanisms used to achieve the result are simply accelerated; In essence, bureaucracy is bypassed and time is utilised. Includes bribery, insider trading, money laundering, embezzlement, tax evasion and accounting irregularities.
b) Political Corruption
Occurs predominantly in developing and less developed countries.
Usually associated with the electoral process.
Includes:
· voting irregularities
· nepotism and cronyism
· rule of a few
· false political promises
· paying journalists for favorable coverage of candidates and parties
· influencing voters by the distribution of money, food and/or drink
· holding on to power against the will of the people.
- Chaotic and Organised corruption
a) Organised Corruption
A well-organised system of corruption in which there is a clear idea:
· of whom to bribe;
· how much should be offered
· and are confident that they will receive the favour in return.
Organised corruption is often perpetrated by crime gangs and syndicates and includes white-collar crime and identity theft.
b) Chaotic Corruption
A disorganised system where there is no clarity regarding whom to bribe and how much payment should be offered.
There is:
· no guarantee that further bribes will not have to be paid to other officials;
· no reasonable assurance that the favour will be delivered;
· no coordination between the recipients of benefits, with the result that the price of corruption is often inflated
All these distinctions have no value: no form of corruption is better or worse than another.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
